Research Desk › Glossary
Simple definitions
Quick definitions. Read them in a minute, then go back to the original science.
Peptide
A short chain of tiny building blocks called amino acids. Your body has many peptides.
Clinical trial
A study that tests a question in people. A listing is not a result.
Placebo
A comparison used in some studies that does not contain the active substance being tested.
Control group
The group researchers compare against. Without a good comparison, results are harder to trust.
Animal study
Scientists test a question in animals. It is not proof that the same thing happens in people.
In vitro
A test done outside a living body, often using cells in a dish.
Randomized
People are assigned to groups by chance. This can help make fairer comparisons.
Peer reviewed
Other researchers have checked a paper before it was published. It can still be wrong.
Systematic review
Researchers use a planned method to gather and assess several studies. Its value depends on the studies inside it.
Abstract
A short summary written by the paper’s authors. Read the full study when possible.
Open access
The paper is available to read for free.
Preprint
A research report shared before normal peer review. Treat findings as preliminary.